![]() Hooke opposed Newton’s corpuscular views of the nature of light at that time, the wave hypothesis of light predominated. This work generated a heated controversy in which R. In his first work dealing with optics, New Theory About Light and Colors, which he presented at the Royal Society of London in 1672, Newton advanced his views on the corpuscular hypothesis of light. Newton became interested in optics while still a student, and his investigations in this field were connected with a desire to eliminate the deficiencies of optical instruments. The fundamental questions in mechanics, physics, and mathematics that were worked on by Newton were closely related to the scientific problems of the time. In 1705 he was knighted for his scientific achievements. That same year, Newton was elected a foreign member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. He succeeded in placing in order the British currency system, and in 1699 he was promoted to the highly paid lifetime position of master of the mint. (Newton’s study of the properties of metals apparently was a factor in this appointment.) Newton’s work included a complete reform of the coinage of all British currency. In 1695 he was appointed warden of the mint. In 1687 he published his monumental work Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which, for brevity, is referred to as the Principia. The demonstration of the telescope made a strong impression on his contemporaries, and soon afterward, in January 1672, Newton was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London, becoming the society’s president in 1703. In 1671, Newton constructed a second reflecting telescope-of larger size and better quality. In 1668 he received the master’s degree, and in 1669, after Barrow resigned his chair, Newton was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, a position that he held until 1701. He also conducted experiments on the dispersion of light. Here he developed the ideas that led to the invention of the differential and integral calculus and the reflecting telescope (he constructed the first reflecting telescope in 1668) and to the discovery of the law of universal gravitation. These were Newton’s most productive years. He spent the period from 1665 to 1667, the time of the Great Plague, in his native village of Woolsthorpe. ![]() Newton graduated from the university in 1665, receiving the bachelor’s degree. In 1661 he entered Trinity College of Cambridge University as a subsizar (a poor student who worked as a servant in the college to support himself), where the prominent mathematician I. At the age of 12, Newton began studying at the school in Grantham. ![]() Newton’s father, a farmer, died shortly before the birth of his son. Inventor of the reflecting telescope and author of very important experimental works on optics. Leibniz) the differential and integral calculus. Creator of the theoretical foundations of mechanics and astronomy and discoverer of the law of universal gravitation and (independently of G. 4, 1643), in Woolsthorpe, near Grantham died Mar.
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